The Policy Studies Organization - a related society of the of the American, Midwest, Southern and International Political Sciences Associations, as well as of the International Studies Association - grew out of a concern on the part of members of the American Political Science Association in the 1970s that there was a need for more emphasis on (as one member put it) the "coalface". In other words, research knowledge had to be effectively disseminated and had to reach those who actually set policies. This was not a call for any sort of strict utilitarianism, but simply a feeling that much good could be done by bringing together people who felt that policies (and not just government policies, but policies of companies, of universities, and indeed of all kinds of institutions) should be informed policies.
An early member writes how she was "astonished when I was doing my doctorate that, for example, the Park Service was unaware of watershed research, and that professors were unaware how the Park Service felt about forestry practices." PSO has always had a geographically and occupationally diverse membership, and never had been limited to government issues or to those in higher education. Its founders avoided naming PSO the "American" Policy Research Organization, because they had an ecumenical and eclectic view of the association.
PSO FINANCES
The Policy Studies Organization is a tax-exempt, non-profit organization which through its Auditors files yearly reports with the relevant Federal and State agencies. The PSO Federal tax number is 23-7163011. The treasurer is Rex Kallembach, CPA. All subscription and membership monies for the journals are handled by Wiley-Blackwell, and all book sales are handled by Rowman & Littlefield.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
No member of the
Board of Directors of the Policy Studies Organization (PSO) shall
participate in any discussion or vote on any matter in which he or she
or a member of his or her immediate family has potential conflict of
interest, due to having material economic involvement regarding the
matter being discussed. Any member of the PSO Board who is also a
member of a board, staff or committee of, or has a personal interest
in, any organization that might provide or be the recipient of
services, sales or loans to or from the PSO shall identify his or her
affiliation with such organization, and he or she shall not participate
in any decisions respecting that organization at any time.
PSO publishes numerous journals that have won wide respect. PSO members serve as editors, reviewers, members of the editorial board, and in the other jobs necessary to produce what are described as "major resources" in the field. All full PSO individual members receive the journals. Membership confers the privilege of submitting papers and panels for the major event of the PSO year, the annual conference held in association with the American Political Science Association in August, when prestigious PSO awards for research and service in the policy area are given.
In cooperation with a number of publishers, PSO sponsors series on policy issues. A publications coordinator oversees this, tending to issues such as copyright and reprint, as well as working to increase the sale and use of PSO books.
PSO includes senior executives, undergraduate and graduate students, state legislators, architects, judges, military officers, interested in policy studies, environmentalists who want to "green" decision making, NGO executives who worry about the future of volunteerism, professors who are working on curriculum revision, government officials in numerous agencies -- in short, PSO is for intellectually active people of all persuasions. Consider this an invitation from all of us in the PSO to
The Policy Studies Organization is currently cooperating with Tulane University in arranging the Parliamentary Debate series in the annual meeting of the Southern Political Science Association.
The following associations are partners with the Policy Studies Organization's journal Politics & Policy .
The Roosevelt Institution is an undergraduate organization with chapters on many campuses, debating public policy and encouraging the publishing of policy papers by gifted students. PSO wholeheartedly supports this and carries news of Roosevelt meetings and activities in its journals, inviting Roosevelt members and their faculty associates to participate in PSO activities. See the Roosevelt Institution online.
PSO affiliation with ISA approved
The board of the International Studies Association has approved the affiliation of Policy Studies Organization with ISA. This link is similar to our affiliation with the American, Midwest and Southern Political Science Associations and gives us the privilege of panels as well as other advantages.
Whistleblower policy
If any employee reasonable believes that some policy, practice, or activity of the Policy Studies Organization (PSO) is in violation of law, a written complaint must be filed by that employee with the Executive Director or the Board President.
It is the intent of the PSO to adhere to all laws and regulations that apply to the organization, and the underlying purpose of this policy is to support the organizations goal of legal compliance.
The PSO will not retaliate against an employee who in good faith, has made a protest or raised a complaint against some practice of the PSO, or of another individual or entity with whom the PSO has a business relationship, on the basis of a reasonable belief that the practice is in violation of law, or a clear mandate of public policy.
The PSO will not retaliate against employees who disclose or threaten to disclose to a supervisor or a public body, any activity, policy, or practice of the PSO that the employee reasonably believes is in violation of a law, or a rule, or regulation mandated pursuant to law or is in violation of a clear mandate of public policy concerning the health, safety, welfare, or protection of the environment.
Document retention and destruction policy
This policy provides for the systematic review, retention and destruction of documents received or created by the Policy Studies Organization (PSO) in connection with the transaction of its business. This policy covers all records and documents, regardless of physical form (including electronic documents), contains guidelines for how long certain documents should be kept and how records should be destroyed. The policy is designed to ensure compliance with federal and state laws and regulations, to eliminate accidental or innocent destruction of records and to facilitate the operations of the PSO.
Section 1. General Guidelines. Records should not be kept if they are no longer needed for the operation of the business or required by law.
From time to time, the PSO may establish retention or destruction policies or schedules for specific categories of records in order to ensure legal compliance, and also to accomplish other objectives, such as preserving intellectual property and cost management. Several categories of documents that warrant special consideration are identified below. While minimum retention periods are established, the retention of the documents identified below and of documents not included in the identified categories should be determined primarily by the application of the general guidelines affecting document retention, as well as the exception for litigation relevant documents and any other pertinent factors.
Section 2. Exception for Litigation Relevant Documents. The Organization expects all officers, directors, and employees to comply fully with any published records retention or destruction policies and schedules, provided that all officers, directors, and employees should note the following general exception to any stated destruction schedule: If you believe, or the organization informs you that records are relevant to litigation, or potential litigation (i.e., a dispute that could result in litigation), then you must preserve those records until it is determined that the records are no longer needed. That exception supersedes any previously or subsequently established destruction schedule for those records.
Section 3. Minimum Retention Periods for Specific Categories.
(a) Organizational Documents. Organizational records include the Organizations articles of incorporation, by-laws and IRS Form 1023, Application for Exemption.
Organizational records should be retained permanently. IRS regulations require that the Form 1023 be available for public inspection upon request.
(b) Tax Records. Tax records include, but may not be limited to, documents concerning payroll, expenses, proof of contributions made by donors, accounting procedures, and other documents concerning the revenues of the PSO. Tax records should be retained for at least seven years from the date of filing the applicable return.
(c) Employment Records/Personnel Records. State and federal statutes require the PSO to keep certain recruitment, employment and personnel information. The PSO should also keep personnel files that reflect performance reviews and any complaints brought against the PSO or individual employees under applicable state and federal statutes. The PSO should also keep in the employee's personnel file all final memoranda and correspondence reflecting performance reviews and actions taken by or against personnel. Employment applications should be retained for three years. Retirement and pension records should be kept permanently. Other employment and personnel records should be retained for seven years.
(d) Board and Board Committee Materials. Meeting minutes should be retained in perpetuity in the Organizations minute book. A clean copy of all other Board and Board Committee materials should be kept for no less than three years by the PSO.
(e) Press Releases/Public Filings. The PSO should retain permanent copies of all press releases and publicly filed documents under the theory that the PSO should have its own copy, in order to test the accuracy of any document a member of the public can theoretically produce against the PSO.
(f) Legal Files. Legal counsel should be consulted to determine the retention period of particular documents, but legal documents should generally be maintained for a period of ten years.
(g) Marketing and Sales Documents. The PSO should keep final copies of marketing and sales documents for the same period of time it keeps other corporate files, generally three years.
An exception to the three-year policy may be sales invoices, contracts, leases, licenses, and other legal documentation. These documents should be kept for at least three years beyond the life of the agreement.
(h) Development/Intellectual Property and Trade Secrets. Development documents are often subject to intellectual property protection in their final form (e.g., patents and copyrights). The documents detailing the development process are often also of value to the PSO and are protected as a trade secret where the PSO:
(i) derives independent economic value from the secrecy of the information; and
(ii) has taken affirmative steps to keep the information confidential.
The PSO should keep all documents designated as containing trade secret information for at least the life of the trade secret.
(i) Contracts. Final, execution copies of all contracts entered into by the PSO should be retained. The PSO should retain copies of the final contracts for at least three years beyond the life of the agreement, and longer in the case of publicly filed contracts.
(j) Correspondence. Unless correspondence falls under another category listed elsewhere in this policy, correspondence should generally be saved for two years.
(k) Banking and Accounting. Accounts payable ledgers and schedules should be kept for seven years. Bank reconciliations, bank statements, deposit slips and checks (unless for important payments and purchases) should be kept for three years. Any inventories of products, materials, and supplies and any invoices should be kept for seven years.
(l) Insurance. Expired insurance policies, insurance records, accident reports, claims, etc. should be kept permanently.
(m) Audit Records. External audit reports should be kept permanently. Internal audit reports should be kept for three years.
Section 4. Electronic Mail. E-mail that needs to be saved should be either:
(i) printed in hard copy and kept in the appropriate file; or
(ii) downloaded to a computer file and kept electronically or on disk as a separate file.
The retention period depends upon the subject matter of the e-mail, as covered elsewhere in this policy.